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Ghost Dance Songs
Sioux
Kiowa
Paiute
Promise,Fulfillment,
and Thanks
A Sioux Sequence
THE FATHER COMES SINGING
There is the father coming,
There is the father coming.
The father says this as he comes,
The father says this as he comes,
"You shall live," he says as he comes,
"You shall live," 'he says as he comes.
HE PROMISES REUNION
The father says so-Eyayó !
The father says so-Eyayó !
The father says so.
The father says so.
You shall see your grandfather-Eyayó !
You shall see your grandfather-Eyayó !
The father says so,
The father says so,
You shall see your kindred-Eyayó !
You shall see your kindred-Eyayó !
The father says so,
The father says so.
PEACE AND TRUTH WILL RETURN
My son, let me grasp your hand,
My son, let me grasp your hand,
Says the father,
Says the father.
You shall live,
You shall live,
Says the father,
Says the father.
I bring you a pipe,
I bring you a pipe,
Says the father,
Says the father.
By means of it you shall live,
By means of It you shall live,
Says the father,
Says the father.
MEN WILL LIVE AS THEY SHOULD
I love my children - Ye'ye' !
I love my children - Ye'ye'!
You shall grow to be a notion - Ye'ye'!
You shall grow to be a nation - Ye'ye'l
Says the father, says the father,
Haye'ye' Eyayo'yo'! Haye'ye' Eyayo'yo!
THE LAND VALL BE FRUITFUL AGAIN
This is to be my work - Yo'yoyo'!
This is to be my work- Yo'yoyo'!
All that grows upon the earth is mine - Yo'yoyo' !
All that grows upon the earth is mine - Yo'yoyo' !
Says the father - Yo'yoyo'!
Says the father - Yo'yoyo'!
Eya Yo'yoyo'!
Eya Yo'yoyo' !
MY GREAT GIFTS ARE LIFE AND PEACE
It is I who make these sacred things,
Says the father, says the father.
It is I who make the sacred shirt,
Says the father, Says the father.
It is I who made the pipe.
Says the father, says the father,
THE POWER OF THE FATHER IS AWESOME
You see what I can do - Ye'yeye'!
You see what I can do - Ye'yeye' !
You see them, you see them,
Ha'eye'ya heyeye! Ha'eye'ya he'yeye!
In Faith and in Wind
A Kiowa Sequence
THE WAY IT WILL HAPPEN; PRAY TO
SPEED THE DAY
The father will descend,
The father will descend.
The earth will tremble,
The earth will tremble.
Everybody will arise,
Everybody will arise.
Stretch out your hands.
Stretch out your hands.
IT WILL BE THE WORK OF THE FATHER. NOT MAN
The spirit army is approaching,
The spirit army is approaching.
The whole world is moving onward,
The whole world is moving onward,
See! Everybody is standing watching,
See! Everybody is standing watching.
Let us all pray,
Let us all pray,
THE FATHER WILL PITY THE LEAST ONE
My father has much pity for us,
My father has much Pity for us,
I hold out my hands toward him and cry,
I hold out my hands toward him and cry.
In my Poverty I hold out my hands toward him and cry,
In my poverty I hold out my hands toward him and cry.
THE LEAST SHARE HIS COMPASSION
Heye' heye' heye' hey' Aho'ho!
Heye' heye' heye' hey' Aho'ho!
Because I am poor,
Because I am poor,
I pray for every living creature,
I pray for every living creature,
Ao'ri yo ! Ao ri yo !
THE OLD WAYS WILL RETURN
He makes me dance with arrows,
He makes me dance with arrows,
He calls the bow my father,
He calls the bow my father,
Grandmother, persevere,
Grandmother, persevere,
I TRUST IT IS HAPPENING
The spirit host is advancing, they say,
The spirit host is advancing, they say.
They are coming with the buffalo, they say,
They am coming with the buffalo, they say,
They are coming with the (new) earth, they say,
They are coming with the (new) earth, they say.
AND I WAIT WITH THE WIND AND MY FAITH
The wind, that wind
Shakes my tipi, shakes my tipi,
And sings a song for me.
And sings a song for me.
A Paiute Sequence
INCANTATION TO NATURE TO REJOIN MAN
Fog ! Fog !
Lightningl Lightningl
Whirlwind! Whirlwind!
WIND RISES FIRST IN THE HIGH PLACES
There is dust from the whirlwind,
There is dust from the whirlwind,
There is dust from the whirlwind,
The whirlwind on the mountain,
The whirlwind on the mountain,
The whirlwind on the mountain.
THEN IT VIBRATES IN ROCKS
The rocks are ringing,
The rocks are ringing,
The rocks are ringing,
They are ringing in the mountains,
They are ringing in the mountains,
They are ringing in the mountains.
AND IT BREAKS THEIR RESISTANCE
The black rock, the black rock,
The black rock, the black rock.
The rock is broken, the rock is broken,
The rock is broken, the rock is broken.
WITH THE SPEED OF WIND, AS CONCEALING AS SNOW, NEW EARTH COVERS THE OLD
The whirlwind! The whirlwind!
The whirlwind! The whirlwind!
The snowy earth comes gliding, the snowy earth
comes gliding;
The snowy earth comes gliding, the snowy earth
comes gliding.
NEW GROWTH COVERS NEW EARTH
The cottonwoods are growing tall,
The cottonwoods are growing tall,
The cottonwoods are growing tall.
They are growing call and verdant,
They are growing tall and verdant,
They are growing tall and verdant.
ALL CREATURES AGAIN SHARE THE EARTH IN THEIR JOY
A slender antelope, a slender antelope,
A slender antelope, a slender antelope,
He is wallowing he upon the ground,
He is wallowing upon the ground,
He to Wallowing upon the ground,
He is wallowing upon the ground.
Excerpts of Ghost Dance Songs from “Native American Religions,” Literature of the American Indian.
Sioux
Kiowa
Paiute
Promise,Fulfillment,
and Thanks
A Sioux Sequence
THE FATHER COMES SINGING
There is the father coming,
There is the father coming.
The father says this as he comes,
The father says this as he comes,
"You shall live," he says as he comes,
"You shall live," 'he says as he comes.
HE PROMISES REUNION
The father says so-Eyayó !
The father says so-Eyayó !
The father says so.
The father says so.
You shall see your grandfather-Eyayó !
You shall see your grandfather-Eyayó !
The father says so,
The father says so,
You shall see your kindred-Eyayó !
You shall see your kindred-Eyayó !
The father says so,
The father says so.
PEACE AND TRUTH WILL RETURN
My son, let me grasp your hand,
My son, let me grasp your hand,
Says the father,
Says the father.
You shall live,
You shall live,
Says the father,
Says the father.
I bring you a pipe,
I bring you a pipe,
Says the father,
Says the father.
By means of it you shall live,
By means of It you shall live,
Says the father,
Says the father.
MEN WILL LIVE AS THEY SHOULD
I love my children - Ye'ye' !
I love my children - Ye'ye'!
You shall grow to be a notion - Ye'ye'!
You shall grow to be a nation - Ye'ye'l
Says the father, says the father,
Haye'ye' Eyayo'yo'! Haye'ye' Eyayo'yo!
THE LAND VALL BE FRUITFUL AGAIN
This is to be my work - Yo'yoyo'!
This is to be my work- Yo'yoyo'!
All that grows upon the earth is mine - Yo'yoyo' !
All that grows upon the earth is mine - Yo'yoyo' !
Says the father - Yo'yoyo'!
Says the father - Yo'yoyo'!
Eya Yo'yoyo'!
Eya Yo'yoyo' !
MY GREAT GIFTS ARE LIFE AND PEACE
It is I who make these sacred things,
Says the father, says the father.
It is I who make the sacred shirt,
Says the father, Says the father.
It is I who made the pipe.
Says the father, says the father,
THE POWER OF THE FATHER IS AWESOME
You see what I can do - Ye'yeye'!
You see what I can do - Ye'yeye' !
You see them, you see them,
Ha'eye'ya heyeye! Ha'eye'ya he'yeye!
In Faith and in Wind
A Kiowa Sequence
THE WAY IT WILL HAPPEN; PRAY TO
SPEED THE DAY
The father will descend,
The father will descend.
The earth will tremble,
The earth will tremble.
Everybody will arise,
Everybody will arise.
Stretch out your hands.
Stretch out your hands.
IT WILL BE THE WORK OF THE FATHER. NOT MAN
The spirit army is approaching,
The spirit army is approaching.
The whole world is moving onward,
The whole world is moving onward,
See! Everybody is standing watching,
See! Everybody is standing watching.
Let us all pray,
Let us all pray,
THE FATHER WILL PITY THE LEAST ONE
My father has much pity for us,
My father has much Pity for us,
I hold out my hands toward him and cry,
I hold out my hands toward him and cry.
In my Poverty I hold out my hands toward him and cry,
In my poverty I hold out my hands toward him and cry.
THE LEAST SHARE HIS COMPASSION
Heye' heye' heye' hey' Aho'ho!
Heye' heye' heye' hey' Aho'ho!
Because I am poor,
Because I am poor,
I pray for every living creature,
I pray for every living creature,
Ao'ri yo ! Ao ri yo !
THE OLD WAYS WILL RETURN
He makes me dance with arrows,
He makes me dance with arrows,
He calls the bow my father,
He calls the bow my father,
Grandmother, persevere,
Grandmother, persevere,
I TRUST IT IS HAPPENING
The spirit host is advancing, they say,
The spirit host is advancing, they say.
They are coming with the buffalo, they say,
They am coming with the buffalo, they say,
They are coming with the (new) earth, they say,
They are coming with the (new) earth, they say.
AND I WAIT WITH THE WIND AND MY FAITH
The wind, that wind
Shakes my tipi, shakes my tipi,
And sings a song for me.
And sings a song for me.
A Paiute Sequence
INCANTATION TO NATURE TO REJOIN MAN
Fog ! Fog !
Lightningl Lightningl
Whirlwind! Whirlwind!
WIND RISES FIRST IN THE HIGH PLACES
There is dust from the whirlwind,
There is dust from the whirlwind,
There is dust from the whirlwind,
The whirlwind on the mountain,
The whirlwind on the mountain,
The whirlwind on the mountain.
THEN IT VIBRATES IN ROCKS
The rocks are ringing,
The rocks are ringing,
The rocks are ringing,
They are ringing in the mountains,
They are ringing in the mountains,
They are ringing in the mountains.
AND IT BREAKS THEIR RESISTANCE
The black rock, the black rock,
The black rock, the black rock.
The rock is broken, the rock is broken,
The rock is broken, the rock is broken.
WITH THE SPEED OF WIND, AS CONCEALING AS SNOW, NEW EARTH COVERS THE OLD
The whirlwind! The whirlwind!
The whirlwind! The whirlwind!
The snowy earth comes gliding, the snowy earth
comes gliding;
The snowy earth comes gliding, the snowy earth
comes gliding.
NEW GROWTH COVERS NEW EARTH
The cottonwoods are growing tall,
The cottonwoods are growing tall,
The cottonwoods are growing tall.
They are growing call and verdant,
They are growing tall and verdant,
They are growing tall and verdant.
ALL CREATURES AGAIN SHARE THE EARTH IN THEIR JOY
A slender antelope, a slender antelope,
A slender antelope, a slender antelope,
He is wallowing he upon the ground,
He is wallowing upon the ground,
He to Wallowing upon the ground,
He is wallowing upon the ground.
Excerpts of Ghost Dance Songs from “Native American Religions,” Literature of the American Indian.
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 4:22 PMGhost Dance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Ghost Dance (disambiguation).
The Ghost Dance by the Ogalala Lakota at Pine Ridge. Illustration by Frederic Remington
Noted in historical accounts as the Ghost Dance of 1890, the Ghost Dance was a religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. The traditional ritual used in the Ghost Dance, the circle dance, has been used by many Native Americans since prehistoric times but was first performed in accordance with Jack Wilson's teachings among the Nevada Paiute in 1889. The practice swept throughout much of the American West, quickly reaching areas of California and Oklahoma. As the Ghost Dance spread from its original source, Native American tribes synthesized selective aspects of the ritual with their own beliefs, often creating change in both the society that integrated it and the ritual itself.
At the core of the movement was the prophet of peace Jack Wilson, known as Wovoka among the Paiute, who prophesied a peaceful end to white American expansion while preaching messages of clean living, an honest life, and cross-cultural cooperation. Perhaps the best-known facet of the Ghost Dance movement is the role it reportedly played in instigating the Wounded Knee massacre in 1890, which resulted in the deaths of at least 153 Lakota Sioux.[1] The Sioux variation on the Ghost Dance tended towards millenarianism, an innovation that distinguished the Sioux interpretation from Jack Wilson's original teachings.
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical foundations
1.1 Paiute background
1.2 Round dance precursors
2 Jack Wilson's vision
3 Role in Wounded Knee Massacre
4 Relevant anthropological theory
4.1 Religious revitalization model
4.2 Ghost Dance within revitalization model
4.3 Reason for rejection
5 Movements with similarities
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
[edit]Historical foundations
[edit]Paiute background
Cyperus esculentas
The Northern Paiutes living in Mason Valley, in what is now the U.S. state of Nevada, at the time of settlement by white American homesteaders were known collectively as the Tövusi-dökadö (Tövusi-: "[[Cyperus] bulb" and dökadö: "eaters"). The Northern Paiute community thrived upon a subsistence pattern of foraging through this locally plentiful food source for a portion of the year and augmenting their diets with fish, pine nuts, and the occasional clubbing of wild game.
The Tövusi-dökadö lacked any permanent political organization or officials, instead operating within a less stratified social system of self-proclaimed spiritually blessed individuals organizing events or activities for the betterment of the group as a whole. Usually, community events centered on the observance of a ritual at a prescribed time of year or were intended to organize activities like harvests or hunting parties. One such extraordinary instance occurred in 1869, when Hawthorne Wodziwob, a Paiute man, organized a series of community dances to announce his vision. He spoke of a journey to the land of the dead and of promises made to him by the souls of the recently deceased. They promised to return to their loved ones within a period of 3-4 years. Wodziwob's peers accepted this vision, probably due to his already reputable status as a healer, as he urged the populace to dance the common circle dance as was customary during a time of festival. He continued preaching this message for three years with the help of a local "weather doctor" named Tavibo, the father of Jack Wilson.[2]
Prior to Wodziwob's religious movement, a devastating typhoid epidemic struck in 1867. This and other European diseases killed approximately one-tenth of the total population,[3] resulting in widespread psychological and emotional trauma, which brought grave disorder to the economic system. Many families were prevented from continuing their nomadic lifestyle, following pine nut harvests and wild game herds. Left with few options, many families ended up in Virginia City seeking wage work.
[edit]Round dance precursors
The physical form of the ritual associated with the Ghost Dance religion did not originate with Jack Wilson, nor did it die with him. Referred to as the "round dance", this ritual form characteristically includes a circular community dance held around an individual who leads the ceremony. Often accompanying the ritual are intermissions of trance, exhortations and prophesying.
The term prophet dances was applied during an investigation of Native American rituals carried out by anthropologist Leslie Spier, a student of Franz Boas. He noted that versions of the round dance were present throughout much of the Pacific Northwest, including the Columbia plateau (a region including Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and parts of western Montana). However, Spier's study was conducted at a time when most of these rituals had already incorporated Christian elements, which further complicated the investigation of the round dance's origin.
European impact on native populations (often prior to actual physical exploration of the more remote regions of the continent) has made it difficult to acquire pristine data on North American societies during their pre-historic or proto-historic eras. Changes in Native American societies before physical contact with Europeans can be attributed to severe disease epidemics, an increased frequency and volume in trade caused by the introduction of European goods from Europeans purchasing local resources and the introduction of the horse (which revolutionized the foraging lifestyle for some aboriginal societies).
Enculturation and diffusion are not the only explanations for the common circle dance rituals. Anthropologist James Mooney was one of the first to study the circle dance. He observed striking similarities in many Native American rituals. However, he also claimed that "a hope and longing common to all humanity, manifests through behavior rooted in human physiology and common experience", therefore alluding to either the notion of universal imprints on the human mind or to ubiquitous behaviors drawn from universal life courses that led to the ritual form.
[edit]Jack Wilson's vision
Wovoka—Paiute spiritual leader and creator of the Ghost Dance
Jack Wilson, the prophet formerly known as Wovoka until his adoption of a Westernized name, was believed to have experienced a vision during a solar eclipse on January 1, 1889. It was reportedly not his first time experiencing a vision directly from God; but as a young adult, he claimed that he was then better equipped, spiritually, to handle this message. Jack had received training from an experienced holy man under his parents' guidance after they realized that he was having difficulty interpreting his previous visions. Jack was also training to be a "weather doctor", following in his father's footsteps, and was known throughout Mason Valley as a gifted and blessed young leader. He often presided over circle dances, which symbolizes the sun's heavenly path across the sky, while preaching a message of universal love.
Anthropologist James Mooney conducted an interview with this charismatic preacher in 1892. Mooney confirmed that his message matched that given to his fellow aboriginal Americans.[4] This study compared letters between tribes and notes that Jack asked his pilgrims to take upon their arrival at Mason Valley. Jack told Mooney that he had stood before God in heaven and had seen many of his ancestors engaged in their favorite pastimes. God showed Jack a beautiful land filled with wild game and instructed him to return home to tell his people that they must love each other, not fight, and live in peace with the whites. God also stated that Jack's people must work, not steal or lie, and that they must not engage in the old practices of war or the traditional self-mutilation practices connected with mourning the dead. God said that if his people abided by these rules, they would be united with their friends and family in the other world.
In God's presence, Jack proclaimed, there would be no sickness, disease, or old age. According to Jack, he was then given the Ghost Dance and commanded to take it back to his people. Jack preached that if this five-day dance was performed in the proper intervals, the performers would secure their happiness and hasten the reunion of the living and deceased. God purportedly gave Jack powers over weather and told him that he would be the deputy in charge of affairs in the western United States, leaving current President Harrison as God's deputy in the East. Jack claims that he was then told to return home and preach God's message.
Jack Wilson claimed to have left the presence of God convinced that if every Indian in the West danced the new dance to "hasten the event", all evil in the world would be swept away, leaving a renewed Earth filled with food, love, and faith. Quickly accepted by his Paiute brethren, the new religion was termed "Dance In A Circle". Because the first European contact with the practice came by way of the Sioux, their expression Spirit Dance was adopted as a descriptive title for all such practices. This was subsequently translated as "Ghost Dance".
[edit]Role in Wounded Knee Massacre
Main article: Wounded Knee Massacre
Through Native Americans and some Anglo-Americans, Jack Wilson's message spread across much of the western portion of the United States. Early in the religious movement, many tribes sent members to investigate the self-proclaimed prophet, while other communities sent delegates only to be cordial. Regardless of their motivations, many left believers and returned to their homeland preaching his message. The Ghost Dance was also investigated by many Mormons from Utah, for whom the concepts of the Native American prophet were familiar and often accepted.[5]
Big Foot lies dead after the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
While most followers of the Ghost Dance understood Wovoka's role as being that of a teacher of pacifism and peace, others did not.
An alternate interpretation of the Ghost Dance tradition may be seen in the so-called Ghost Shirts, which were special garments rumored to repel bullets through spiritual power. It is uncertain where this belief originated, although some observers such as James Mooney have argued that the most likely source is the Mormon endowment garment (which some Mormons believed would protect the pious wearer from danger). Despite the uncertainty of its origins, it is generally accepted that chief Kicking Bear brought the concept to his own people, the Lakota Sioux, in 1890.[6]
Another Lakota interpretation of Jack's religion is drawn from the idea of a "renewed Earth" in which "all evil is washed away". This Lakota interpretation included the removal of all Anglo Americans from their lands, unlike Jack's version of the Ghost Dance, which encouraged harmonious co-existence with Anglos.
In February 1890, the United States government broke a Lakota treaty by adjusting the Great Sioux Reservation of South Dakota (an area that formerly encompassed the majority of the state) into five smaller reservations.[7] This was done to accommodate white homesteaders from the eastern United States and was in accordance with the government's clearly stated "policy of breaking up tribal relationships" and "conforming Indians to the white man's ways, peaceably if they will, or forcibly if they must."[8] Once on the reduced reservations, tribes were separated into family units on 320-acre (1.3 km2) plots and forced to farm, raise livestock, and send their children to boarding schools that forbade any inclusion of Native American traditional culture and language.
To help support the Sioux during the period of transition, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was delegated the responsibility of supplementing the Sioux with food and hiring white farmers as teachers for the people. The farming plan failed to take into account the difficulty Sioux farmers would have in trying to cultivate crops in the semi-arid region of South Dakota. By the end of the 1890 growing season, a time of intense heat and low rainfall, it was clear that the land was unable to produce substantial agricultural yields. Unfortunately, this was also the time when the government's patience with supporting the so-called "lazy Indians" ran out, resulting in rations to the Sioux being cut in half. With the bison virtually eradicated from the plains a few years earlier, the Sioux had no options available to escape starvation.
Increased performances of the Ghost Dance ritual ensued, frightening the supervising agents of the BIA. Kicking Bear was forced to leave Standing Rock, but when the dances continued unabated, Agent McLaughlin asked for more troops, claiming that Hunkpapa spiritual leader Sitting Bull was the real leader of the movement. A former agent, Valentine McGillycuddy, saw nothing extraordinary in the dances and ridiculed the panic that seemed to have overcome the agencies, saying: "The coming of the troops has frightened the Indians. If the Seventh-Day Adventists prepare the ascension robes for the Second Coming of the Savior, the United States Army is not put in motion to prevent them. Why should not the Indians have the same privilege? If the troops remain, trouble is sure to come."[9]
Nonetheless, thousands of additional U.S. Army troops were deployed to the reservation. On December 15, 1890, Sitting Bull was arrested on the reservation for failing to stop his people from practicing the Ghost Dance.[10]During the incident, a Sioux witnessing the arrest fired at one of the soldiers, prompting an immediate retaliation; this conflict resulted in deaths on both sides, including the loss of Sitting Bull himself.
Big Foot, a Miniconjou leader on the U.S. Army's list of trouble-making Indians, was stopped while en route to convene with the remaining Sioux chiefs. U.S. Army officers forced him and his people to relocate to a small camp close to the Pine Ridge Agency so that the soldiers could more closely watch the old chief. That evening, December 28, the small band of Sioux erected their tipis on the banks of Wounded Knee Creek. The following day, during an attempt by the officers to collect any remaining weapons from the band, one young, deaf Sioux warrior refused to relinquish his arms. A struggle followed in which somebody's weapon discharged into the air. One U.S. officer gave the command to open fire, and the Sioux responded by taking up previously confiscated weapons; the U.S. forces responded with carbine firearms and several rapid-fire light-artillery (Hotchkiss) guns mounted on the overlooking hill. When the fighting had concluded, 25 U.S. soldiers lay dead, many killed by friendly fire, amongst the 153 dead Sioux, most of whom were women and children.[11]
Following the massacre, chief Kicking Bear officially surrendered his weapon to General Nelson A. Miles. Outrage in the eastern United States emerged as the general population learned about the events that had transpired. The U.S. government had insisted on numerous occasions that the Native American had already been successfully pacified, and many Americans felt the U.S. Army actions were harsh; some related the massacre at Wounded Knee Creek to the "ungentlemanly act of kicking a man when he is already down." Public uproar played a role in the reinstatement of the previous treaty's terms, including full rations and more monetary compensation for lands taken away.
However, twenty of the soldiers involved received Medals of Honor for their part in the slaughter; these awards have never been revoked.
[edit]Relevant anthropological theory
[edit]Religious revitalization model
Anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace's model (1956) describes the process of a revitalization movement. It is derived from studies of another Native American religious movement, The Code of Handsome Lake, which may have led to the formation of the Longhouse Religion.
I. Period of generally satisfactory adaptation to a group's social and natural environment.
II. Period of increased individual stress. While the group as a whole is able to survive through its accustomed cultural behavior, changes in the social or natural environment frustrate efforts of many people to obtain normal satisfactions of their needs.
III. Period of cultural distortion. Changes in the group's social or natural environment drastically reduce the capacity of accustomed cultural behavior to satisfy most persons' physical and emotional needs.
IV. Period of revitalization: (1) reformulation of the cultural pattern; (2) its communication; (3) organization of a reformulated cultural pattern; (4) adaptation of the reformulated pattern to better meet the needs and preferences of the group; (5) cultural transformation; (6) routinization-the adapted reformulated cultural pattern becomes the standard cultural behavior for the group.
V. New period of generally satisfactory adaptation to the group's changed social and/or natural environment.
[edit]Ghost Dance within revitalization model
In Alice Beck Kehoe's ethnohistory of the Ghost Dance, she presents the movement within the framework of Wallace's model of religious revitalization. The Tövusi-dökadö's age of traditional subsistence patterns constitutes a period of generally satisfactory cultural adaptation to their environment, which lasted until around 1860. Corresponding with an influx of white settlers begins the second phase of Wallace's model, hallmarked by increased individual stress placed on some members of the community. Almost the entire 1880s are placed into the model's third period, that of cultural distortion, due to the increased presence of white agribusiness and the United States government. With the introduction of Jack Wilson's Ghost Dance, the fourth period of revitalization is ushered, which characteristically occurs after sufficient changes accrue to significantly warp the society's cultural pattern. Following the revitalization is yet another period of satisfactory adaptation, which is dated to about 1900. By this time, almost all sources of traditional food were eradicated from the Tövusi-dökadö's long-established homeland, leading to the adoption of white American subsistence methods while still maintaining a Paiute culture.
[edit]Reason for rejection
"Worthless words" was the description given to the Ghost Dance in 1890 by Navajo leaders.[11] Three years later, James Mooney arrived at the Navajo reservation in northern Arizona during his study of the Ghost Dance movement, only to discover that the ritual was never incorporated into Navajo society, even during the brief period of its widespread acceptance in western portions of the United States. According to Kehoe, the movement did not gain fervor there in 1890 due to higher levels of social and economic satisfaction at that time. Another factor at play was the fear of ghosts and spirits among the Navajo, based in their own particular religious beliefs. Kehoe continues to elaborate on the circumstances of the Navajos' later acceptance of the Peyote Religion during more desperate times.
[edit]Movements with similarities
? 1856-1857 Cattle-Killing in South Africa, in which perhaps 60,000 of the Xhosa people died of self-induced starvation. They destroyed their food supplies based on a vision that came to Nongqawuse.
? The Righteous Harmony Society was a Chinese movement which also believed in magical clothing, reacting against Western colonialism.
? The Maji Maji Rebellion, where an African spirit medium gave his followers war medicine that he said would turn German bullets into water.
? Melanesian cargo cults believed in a return of their ancestors brought by Western technology (see Vailala Madness, Jon Frum).
? The Spanish Carlist troops fought against secularism and believed that the detente bala—pieces of cloth with an image of the Holy Heart of Jesus—would protect them against bullets.
? Burkhanism was an Altayan movement that reacted against Russification.
? Child soldiers in the civil wars of Liberia wore wigs and wedding gowns to confuse enemy bullets by assuming a dual identity.[12] See Joshua Blahyi.
[edit]See also
? Catherine Weldon
? Medicine man
? Nongqawuse
? Wovoka
? Rastafari Movement
? The Great Peacemaker
[edit]References
1 ^ *Utley, Robert The Last Days of the Sioux Nation, Yale University Press, 1964
2 ^ *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, Death of Renewal?, pp. 32–33. Thompson publishing; 1989
3 ^ *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, Death of Renewal?, p. 33. Thompson publishing; 1989
4 ^ *Mooney, James The Ghost Dance Religion and Wounded Knee. New York: Dover Publications Inc; 1896
5 ^ *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, The Ghost Dance Religion, p. 5. Thompson publishing; 1989
6 ^ *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, Massacre at Wounded Knee Creek, p. 13. Thompson publishing; 1989
7 ^ *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, Massacre at Wounded KneeCreek, p. 15. Thompson publishing; 1989
8 ^ *Wallace, Anthony F. C. Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study. American Anthropologist n.s. 58(2):264-81. 1956
9 ^ Ghost Dance.
10 ^ *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, Massacre at Wounded KneeCreek, p. 20. Thompson publishing; 1989
11 ^ a b *Kehoe, B Alice The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization, Massacre at Wounded KneeCreek, p. 24. Thompson publishing; 1989
12 ^ "Liberia's cross-dressing soldiers.". Washington Post. Retrieved on 2006-06-14.
[edit]Further reading
? Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West. Owl Books; 1970.
? Du Bois, Cora. The 1870 Ghost Dance. University of California Press; Berkeley, 1939.
? Hirschefekder, Arlene and Molin, Paulette. Encyclopedia of Native American Religions. Checkmark Books.
? Kehoe, B. Alice. The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization. Thompson Publishing; 1989.
? Osterreich, Shelley Anne. The American Indian Ghost Dance, 1870 and 1890. Greenwood Press; New York, 1991.
? Ghost Dance (Hale, 1997) by *Adam Wright - Author, a fictional Western based on the Ghost Dance.
? Stannard, David E. American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World. Oxford University Press; 1992.
[edit]External links
? Wovoka (Jack Wilson)
? Speech by Kicking Bear
? Short video about Wovoka and the Ghost Dance on YouTube.com
? Sheet music for a Ghost Dance Song (German)
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 5:34 PMWhy should this be insulting..? -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 5:59 PMGive them time Geert...lol...give them time..it should not be insulting..but the dance was meant to send back all white settlers and have our land back..that might offend some? -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 6:58 PM
Give them time?
Isn't this an example of the preconceived notions I spoke about before, what you called a mean spirited comment, and yet here you are doing it so clearly again?
So I say again,
"You can pretend that what you're so upset with is something you just ran into here by accident, or you can be honest, at least to yourself, that what you're seeing is what you always see. You already have these points of view. Your just marching around finding the proof of what you carry in your heart". -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 7:08 PMBingo--theres barbed wire in this place--someone has a big chip on thier shoulders--drop it.,you dont need it.,heal the wounds left by ignorance and apathy--instead of pointing out faults in others.,peace comes from within.,and its very obviuos when your crippled inside--point blank.,take some good food--rest--love yourself--
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 7:14 PM
"As the Ghost Dance spread from its original source, Native American tribes synthesized selective aspects of the ritual with their own beliefs, often creating change in both the society that integrated it and the ritual itself."
One culture synthesizing the rituals of another with their own beliefs, adopting a ritual and recreating it, bringing about change and sponsoring a new tradition. Is it only okay when "native" people do so? And yet "native" people have adopted the ways of non natives all over the world.
Maybe what your upset about is just the simple existence of non native cultures at all. Like you say, the example you gave was a ritual, in your words, that was meant to drive the whites out of the Americas. Would you like to drive the whites out of Shamanism Tribe, or out of any spiritual path that originated with a native or indigenous people? -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 7:18 PMWhile were in the habit of repeating the same ideas in a thread that's supposed to be new or different, I'll say again what I said before,
Love your neighbor K, for your own sake, because what you give is what you get, and when you understand that you'll be kinder to your self, and be experienced by others as the peace bringer your tribe name suggests you want to be. -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 7:24 PMBringerOfPeace--Aho -
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This is the maximum depth. Additional responses will not be threaded.
Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 7:44 PMtold ya Geert..ginm time..not meant to antaganizxe someone or anyone..I just know who is who since Boo laid it on the line -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 8:17 PMtold ya--thats pretty weak dude-- -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 8:20 PMGreg Leaping Bear A certain amount of opposition is a great help to man. Kites rise against, not with the wind. But fall to the ground if too much opposition is there.
I still believe Boo's apraisal to be the most correct!
I am entitled to my beliefs.
He is not sitting in a comforable computer chair..he is in Puru doing something....so more power to him! -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 8:42 PMwhat does that mean--?we are all entitled to be prejudiced--and superior in thought.,take this another step and i would like an honest answer--do you hate white people--you make my skin crawl-- -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Mon, June 29, 2009 - 9:34 PMKalona I don't thik it's very constructive to write something asking if it is going to insult anyone.
did you do it because you wanted to insult somebody?
or are you incapable of deciding if something could be taken offensively?
you got to make your own judgement call. if you don't think it's offensifve, then post it and ask for discussion about it or whatever.
if you think it's gonna offend somebody and post it then it seems like you are just looking for trouble. why would you do that?
It's like going into a macdonalds and calling out " who ate all the pies?" expect to get beaten on.
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 5:34 AM"...but the dance was meant to send back all white settlers and have our land back..that might offend some?..."
I'm all for it..
But where are all the white people gonna go..
Holland is already pretty much full.
And what about all the black people..
I've been to South Africa..
There is a lot of room there...
Australia has room left I believe..
Maybe you should create a new dance.
One in the name of your heritage, but with a new goal..
What would you want to see..
You can be creative about it.. . -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 5:35 AMYou can be idealistic about it.. -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 12:04 PMThroughout History each Culture and race/color, has had a chance at ruling..some we know about others we do not..pre history to those not Native American..but the fact remains..it has been the White mans rule for this 4th world..the world of information..in the next world as this one crumbles and it will..I hate to think a new age mostly white dominated group should rule..I hope that another culture and color are given the same chance to mess up..what I truly wish is that no one rule..that each race,color,belief system is given equil ruling power..hopefully as a untited group..but Not NWO.
I can be idealistic yes..but who knows the future really?
What group..to include the hawaiians wish that they could have their own land back and their own ways of life back?
They have been invaded and put in a prison of sorts..so why not want your land back? is that far fetched?
A world living in harmony and peace is an ideal. but an ideal.
with every earth change from the ice age to now..there has been change..violent change and man has had to start over(from scratch) the native beief is that it is written when man cannot get along in large groups..back to the drawing board so to speak..back to small groups. I do belive man gets along better in small groups and overpopulation breeds all problems..my belief..not my intent to insult people..but if I was 100% honest..it woud be nice to have the buffalo back..small groups and no other cultural influence. we are not ready as a planet to be known as one planet..we still have not worke out the kinks..have we?
these guidestones and their message make sense to me however why more Native lanquages were not there is beyond me..since we were doing it RIGHT in the 1st place. Not my intention to offend..I believe that everyone should use whatever means works for them to get through life..but if anyone thinks they have found the answer..they be a fool..no one not one spiritual doctrine has the answer and if you haven't read "animal Farm" or "Utopia" I ask that you do. no Utoian culture has ever lasted.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geor...uidestones -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 12:30 PMi think the main problem is the misconception that anybody 'owns' the land.
for a culture that claims to respect nature and the environment, thats a kind of hypocricy is it not?
the land was there long before humans.
the 'natives' moved into the land and laid claim to it a long time ago. if they can move into the land and make use of it, why can nobody else? I see this as very selfish.
that land is now home to every human being that lives there. nobody should have the right to take away a persons home. -
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This is the maximum depth. Additional responses will not be threaded.
Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 2:19 PMTerritorium.
That's what a lot of bird songs are about...
That why dogs pee against trees.
And deer rub their glands against branches.
I would not want a strange person coming in my living room.
Especially when he brings a gun, he can expect some action..
To say it is selfish, is in it's way selfish...
It's space... social room... personal space..
A haven.. something sacred that you don't want touched by tainted fingers.
Bloody fingers in America's case...
It is also an idealistic thought. Every land is everybodies land.
The truth is... that it isn't...
The one who claims it, owns it..
And some claim more then there is to go around...
White people have had some motherfucking smart leaders and manipulators of power.
They payed the price of death.. and this generation pays in dillusion.
For they forgot the reasons behind the structures.
The structure is like an old branch dying, disconnected from the roots.
America is now a world-power...
But it will fall and break it's back...
And people will return to the spirit...
Then China will rule and mess things up..
Then comes the Renaissance in Africa...
Then there will be a war between America and Europe based on economics.
But no citizen will accept this..
People will run and rebel..
There will be blood in the street.
But that is all to come.. -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 2:34 PMah Geert, it seems this is a bigger issue than i realised. please allow me to take back my previous statement. at least until I know more about it.
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 6:13 PMGeert people underestimate you..bless you -
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 6:19 PMTakeshi..Natives NEVER believed they owned the land..white mans concept..but we protect the land and it was taken from outr protection.
Doesn't matter..the world will shake soon eh?
who is left? 1 out of 10..and that is enough eh?
and if your Huna..why wouldn't you want to live in Hawaii..and if you follow south american tradition..why wouldn't you live there..not being a smart ass this all confuses me..land holds energy and memories..that is a truth.
anyway here is a bit of something from dumb natives but when the tv reporter announces that scientist have discovered it to be true..then it will be true...silly people..lol..all should hold their beliefs and not force them on others eh?
Just accept them and get to know them..unless it's like a "Holy War" no need for bickering or fighting.
Cherokee Prophecies
Cherokee Star Constellation
Prophecy of the Rattlesnake
The Stars above and its configurations hold TIME UNTIME within its grasp upon all life. As all cultures sustain a Zodiac system written upon TIME UNTIME so also the Chickamaugan Cherokee of the Americas hold also an Ancient Zodiac of the heavens.
Within the Zodiac of the Heavens of the Chickamauga Cherokee are etched Ancient designs written upon and within the lines of seeing. The Cherokee Zodiac is alive and moves and spins upon the rings of TIME UNTIME. As the main outline remains its hold and is stationed in the sky of stars its movement within that frozen outline does indeed change with the movements of the other elements. Elements within the rotations planets, stars, and bodies of the heavens. As other cultures station their Zodiac as a permanent fixture the Cherokee Zodiac morphs or changes and becomes as if ALIVE. Always Alive, breaths, lives, and takes upon each constellation its own deeming of things, TIME UNTIME, and among those things, PROPHECY.
The Constellations of the Chickamaugan Cherokee are 13 fold which contain the characterizations of mainly animals. Among the many design configurations seen written upon the stars are the designs of animals, objects, and many other elements of TIME UNTIME. The figures of the sky are totally different from other cultures of the Zodiac except for a rare few which seem to be similar. The only one which seems to relative to similarity is found within the Cherokee Constellation Scorpion and Snake and this in relation to others as Scorpio and Serpent.
This is the story of only one of those constellations. This is of the Cherokee Constellation Rattlesnake. And within this one Constellation is found a PROPHECY. Within the Rattlesnake of the Heavens is found TIME UNTIME foretold since the dawn of TIME.
In the sky is found the figure of a Snake. And upon this snake it is the outline of a Rattlesnake. Sometimes the Serpent and the Rattlesnake take on its bearing of one or the other but the Snake of the Rattlesnake is ITS design.
The Cherokee Rattlesnake Constellation is not like other cultures of the world. The Cherokee Rattlesnake in the Heavens has a head and winds itself back and forth with its body as in sidewinding itself to its tail. The boundary of the Rattlesnake is unlike the boundaries of other Zodiac cultures. In the Heavens the Pleiades Star System is found as the tip of the Rattlesnake tail.
The Rattlesnake of the Cherokee is very sacred and its sacredness is written even in the Heavens. Upon the mouth of the Rattlesnake is found 52 scales. These scales in number of 52 is written upon the Calendar of the Cherokee and upon the wheels and rings of TIME UNTIME. The Calendar of the Cherokee spins upon wheels and rings as a sophisticated dating system. A dating system that not only tells TIME of events, people, places, and things but also a very holy and sacred element within the Cherokee culture itself of ALL THINGS.
The Rattlesnake can sometimes be imaged as a serpent. To be a Serpent or to be the Rattlesnake depends on the knowing of the TIMES and TIMES of TIME UNTIME. To know the culture of the Cherokee and its Ancient design upon LIFE. One MUST know the things of TIME UNTIME in order to place the constellation as a Rattlesnake or a Serpent. But this is another story.
The stationary outline is always of the Rattlesnake. However upon the wheels of the Cherokee calendar is also found when where how what who in its changing and transformation. The transformation is not the changing of the shape of the Rattlesnake but the addition or subtraction of elements upon the snake itself. These things also tell the tales of the universe and all its bearing of what was, what is, and to be.
On the Cherokee Calendar a great thing is foretold of things about to take shape within all things upon the earth, the heavens, and the universe. And the Rattlesnake Constellation is one of those which speaks as a voice of TIME UNTIME of things to be.
Upon the Cherokee Calendar Rings and written in the Star Constellation Rattlesnake is a prophecy of TIME UNTIME.
And so it is thus foretold ....
When the Earth sees the fingers of Spearfinger strike Jupiter, when the ages of the Rings and wheels tell it is the ending of the ages of cycles of 5, this will be the sign for the whole earth, for all the earth will see this thing, to wake up from sleep. These fingers that stuck Jupiter was the comet fragments that hit Jupiter in the 1990s and the whole earth took of is majesty. This was the sign foretold on the Calendar for the Cherokee people to WAKE UP to come out of sleep.
The Cherokee Calendar also speaks its voice telling that at this time of the fingers striking Jupiter that Orion Star System will awaken. And the Pleiades and Orion will war once again as in old. Jupiter and Venus will awaken to its destiny of TIME UNTIME of cycles. Orion will WAR with Pleadies, Jupiter will WAR with Venus. The time of the Cherokee UKU's will be at hand.
In the year 2004 and 2012 an alignment will take place both on the Cherokee Calendar and in the heavens of the Rattlesnake Constellation both. It is the time of the doublehead serpent stick. It is the time of the Red of Orion and Jupiter against White Blue of Pleadies and Venus. It is the time of the Uku's choosing. It is the time of the Beloved Woman and MYSTERIES OF TIME UNTIME. It is the Time Untime of the THUNDERBOLT and the spirits of Lightning Mountains.
In the year 2004 and 2012 the Cherokee Rattlesnake Constellation will take on a different configuration. The Snake itself will remain, however, upon the Rattlesnake shall be added upon its head feathers, its eyes will open and glow, wings spring forth as a winged Rattlesnake, it shall have hands and arms and in its hands shall be found a bowl. The bowl will hold blood. Upon its tail of 7 rattles shall be the glowing and movement of Pleiades.
The Rattlesnake shall become a FEATHERED RATTLESNAKE or FEATHERED SERPENT of TIME UNTIME.
And upon the Rattlesnake is also the Milky Way. A crossing of the Milky Way shall be seen at these times.
For the center of the Universe is what many know as the Constellation Sagittarius by modern man. But upon this constellation of is also found the Pleiades Star system which is what is different in the boundary of others and the Cherokee Zodiac.
The Milky Way is ALSO a Tree ... STONE TREE. And upon Stone Tree is as a Tree with a tree trunk, branches, a top, and even roots. The Flower and the Tree is also a tassel as corn. And upon the flower and the tree is the TREE OF LIFE. REBIRTH, RENEWAL, NEW.
And the Cherokee Calendar shall end in the year 2012. But upon the times just prior shall be the Feathered Serpent and its prophecy.
Upon the Heavens design, within the Cherokee Rattlesnake Constellation, it is written. And upon the Rings of TIME UNTIME of the Cherokee Calendar it also says BEHOLD RATTLESNAKE CONSTELATION. And Remember.
The Rings of the Cherokee Calendar are read by the winding motion of the Rattlesnake. To Add or to subtract TIME UNTIME. To MOVE the Wheels backward or forward, to add a wheel to move the rings, to tell the tale what was, what is, and to be. The Rattlesnake and it design tells the movement of the RINGS OF TIME.
And in the sky heavens the motions of the movement of stars, planets, and life tell the tale of its bearing. For all is as the winding of the Rattlesnake. And in the year 2004 the Morning Star shall be first and in the year 2012 the Evening Star shall be first. And upon those years the crown of the Feathered Serpent shall bear its colors and honor. The hands shall hold the bowl and the tail shall be as the roots of a Tree, The Pleaides Tree of the beginning.
And in the Year 2004 and 2012 shall be the TIME UNTIME of the Feathered Serpent of the Sky Heavens. And the Rings shall turn upon those years of prophecy foretold on the Rings of TIME UNTIME. And Ywahoo Falls Kentucky shall sing of Venus and the Feathered Rattlesnake.
For this is not all the prophecy not all the things thereof. For if it was meant for one to know and I give only part, then you have received a great gift. For if I tell all and it was not meant for one to know then I have waisted my breath. For this is a sacred thing, the Venus Alignment and the Feathered Serpent of the Heavens.
And in the Year 2012 the Cherokee Calendar Ends. And all is reborn. For the Feathered Rattlsnake comes and shall be seen in the heavens in the year 2004 to 2012.
In the south of the americas ... it is related as the coming of Quetzalcoatl. The Ancient Cherokee relate it as the coming of the Pale One once again.
The Rattlesnake Constelation shall appear with the Venus Alignment. The Stars of the Heavens of the Cherokee Zodiac, the Rings of the Calendar, and The Venus Alignment tell the story of a Chickamaugan Prophecy. For they all are aligned in the year 2004 to 2012.
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Monster With The White Eyes
Handed down as a traditional Cherokee story from grandmother to grandchild, the storyteller cautions that long ago before the Europeans discovered Turtle Island and her indigenous people, the elders of those people warned of the monsters with white eyes yet to come.
Similar stories are to be found among the Aztecs and Mexican people.
The spirits foretold that the monster with white eyes would cross the great eastern water.
The monster would possess evil and terrifying power, and would wreak destruction in its path.
The spirits of the animals and trees began to wither.
Prophecy states that Mother Earth herself would be devastated and her heartbeat would become faint. The monster was said to devour the children of Turtle Island tribe by tribe, with no escape.
If one did survive, its spirit would be dead since it would now be lost and have no connection to its ancestors.
The story tells that one day the Earth would begin to sing a death song due to the severity of the harsh conditions.
When this happens, the children of the people who followed the white-eyed monster to the island would look into their hearts and realize that they faced annihilation at the hands of their fathers.
They would find that the spirits of the children of the tribes had been reborn, waiting to guide the children of the white-eyed monster.
The few keepers of the truth would emerge, becoming strong enough to overcome the power of the white-eyed monster, restoring Mother Earth back to health.
The children of the tribes of Turtle Island would lead the people back to the right way. The races would live in peace, the spirit of the animals and trees would return to safety, and the monster with white eyes would fail to exist.
Other such prophecies are to be found in the Cherokee Legend of the White Snake.
[Snake is a metaphor for DNA]
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Legend of the Keetoowahs
Cherokee occasionally refer to themselves as Ani-Kituhwagi, (Keetoowah) 'the people of Kituhwagi', after the ancient nucleus city of the Cherokee. The Legend of the Keetoowahs places the tribe on an island in the Atlantic Ocean east of South America. Seventy tribes attempted attack on the Keetoowahs, but the Keetoowah were granted victory through the assistance of spirit-warriors.
As the story tells us, Ner-du-er-gi, the last warrior of the attackers, was overlooking the valley camp below, from upon a mountain top, when he saw smoke arising from the camp that extended up beyond the clouds, divided into three parts, with an arrow-holding eagle in the center. The warrior and his followers witnessed this miraculous event. Ner-du-er-gi then ordered his warriors not to attack the Keetoowahs for they were protected, and if attacked, the warrior knew he would surely be destroyed.
The Great Spirit granted the Keetoowahs a grand mysterious power to only be utilized in the best interest of their people. However, some of the wise people began to use their wisdom for unfruitful purposes. The Great Spirit instructed them to take their white fire and move away, heading to Asia, India and North America. Some of the large cities the new travelers claimed sank into the ocean and were no more.
Legend has it The Great Spirit turned to the peoples of America and guided them. They too began to violate their teachings by committing murders and feuding with the seven clans. The seven clans with their medicine men met around a fire to request guidance from The Great Spirit. The most truthful seven holy men selflessly gave of themselves for the tribe.
They carried medicine deerskin and medicine tobacco. The medicine men spread out the deerskin and prayed. They blew smoke over the deerskin, and watched the smoke trails for a sign from The Great Spirit. Inspiration led the medicine men to travel up to the top of a mountain, each day one new medicine man for seven days.
On day seven, a messenger came down from The Great Spirit, appeared in a bright light, and stated that The Great Spirit heard the prayers of the medicine men and held passion for their people. First, the men were told that they would someday fly in the air. The messenger warned of an enemy white ball from the east traveling their way, but that their grandchildren?s feet were facing toward Tsusginai - west - the 'ghost land'.
The messenger warned of trials on the edge of the prairie, with tribes dividing into different factions and their blood evolving into only half of their heritage. The messenger forewarned that families would divide and disregard chiefs, leaders and medicine men. The schools would teach important knowledge to all the people and the young people would return to point rudely at the elders.
However, if the younger generation would heed The Great Spirit's instruction, a chance would exist for the people to turn back east, otherwise they would go to Tsusginai then to the coast, then leave by boat, never to return. They were given the 'Keetoowah' namesake and were instructed to return to their fire for worship, and prophesy to their people.
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1986 Continental Indigenous Council,
Fairbanks, Alaska By Lee Brown, Cherokee
There was the cycle of the mineral, the rock. There was the cycle of the plant. And now we are in the cycle of the animal coming to the end of that and beginning the cycle of the human being. When we get into the cycle of the human being, the highest and greatest powers that we have will be released to us.
At the beginning of this cycle of time, long ago, the Great Spirit made an appearance and gathered the peoples of this earth together, and said to the human beings. "I'm going to send you to four directions and over time I?m going to change you to four colors. I'm going to give you some teachings, and you will call these the Original Teachings; when you come back together with each other, you will share these so that you can live and have peace on Earth, and a great civilization will come about. During the cycle of time, I'm going to give each of you two stone tablets. When I give you those stone tablets, don't cast them upon the ground. If any of the sisters and brothers cast their tablets on the ground, not only will human beings have a hard time, but almost the earth itself will die."
And so He gave each of us a responsibility, and we call that the Guardianship.
To the Indian people, the red people, He gave the Guardianship of the Earth. We are to learn during this cycle of time the teachings of the Earth; the plants that grow from the Earth; the foods that you can eat, and the herbs that heal. Then, when we came back together with the other sisters and brothers, we could share this knowledge with them. Something good was to happen on the Earth.
To the South He gave the yellow race of people the Guardianship of the Wind. They were to learn about the sky and breathing and how to take that within ourselves for spiritual advancement. They were to share that with us at this time.
To the West He gave the black race of people the Guardianship of the Water. They were to learn the teachings of the water, which is the chief of the elements, being the most humble and the most powerful. The elders have told me that the black people would bring the teachings of the water.
To the North He gave the white race of people the Guardianship of the Fire. If you look at the center of many of the things they do, you will find the fire. They say a light bulb is the white man's fire. If you look at the center of a car you will find a spark. If you look at the center of the airplane and the train you will find the fire. The fire consumes, and also moves. This is why it was the white sisters and brothers who began to move upon the face of the earth and reunite us as a human family.
And so a long time passed, and the Great Spirit gave each of the four races two stone tablets. Ours are kept at the Hopi Reservation in Arizona at Four Corners Area on Third Mesa. I talked to people from the black race, and their stone tablets are at the foot of Mount Kenya. They are kept by the Kukuyu Tribe. I was at an Indian spiritual gathering about 15 years ago.
A medicine man from South Dakota put a beaded medicine wheel in the middle of the gathering. It had the four colors from the four directions; he asked the people, "Where is this from?" They said, "Probably Montana, or South Dakota, maybe Saskatchewan." He said, "This is from Kenya." It was beaded just like ours, with the same colors.
The stone tablets of the yellow race of people are kept by the Tibetans. If you went straight through the Hopi Reservation to the other side of the world, you would come out in Tibet. The Tibetan word for sun is the Hopi word for moon, and the Hopi word for sun is the Tibetan word for moon.
The guardians of the traditions of the people of Europe are the Swiss. In Switzerland, they still have a day when each family brings out its mask. They still know the colors of the families, and they still know the symbols, some of them. Each of these four peoples happen to live in the mountains.
Each of the four races went to their directions and learned their teachings. It was in Newsweek not long ago that eight out of ten foods that people eat on the earth are developed here in the western hemisphere because that is our Guardianship -- to learn the teachings of the earth and the things that grow from the Earth. We were given a sacred handshake to demonstrate, when we came back together as sisters and brothers, that we still remember the teachings.
It was indicated on the stone tablets that the Hopis had that the first sisters and brothers who would come back to them would come as turtles across the land. They would be human beings, but they would come as turtles. So when the time came close, the Hopis were at a special village to welcome the turtles that would come across the land.
They got up in the morning and looked out at the sunrise. They looked out across the desert, and they saw the Spanish conquistadores coming, covered in armor, like turtles across the land. So this was them. So they went out to the Spanish man, and they extended their hand, hoping for the handshake. But into the hand the Spanish man dropped a trinket. And so word spread throughout North America that there was going to be a hard time, that maybe some of the brothers and sisters had forgotten the sacredness of all things and all the human beings were going to suffer for this on the Earth.
So tribes began to send people to the mountains to have visions to try to figure out how they could survive. At that time there were 100,000 cities in the Mississippi Valley alone, called the mound civilization: cities built on great mounds. Those mounds are still there. They began to try to learn to live off the land because they knew a hard time was going to come. They began to send people to have visions to see how we could survive this time. They were told in the prophecies that we should try to remind all the people that would come here of the sacredness of all things. If we could do that, then there would be peace on Earth. But if we did not do that, if we had not come together as a human family, the Great Spirit would grab the earth with His hand and shake it.
The elders on the west coast prophesied that they would then begin to build a black ribbon. And on this black ribbon there would move a bug. And when you begin to see this bug moving on the land, that was the sign for the First Shaking of the Earth. The First Shaking of the Earth would be so violent that this bug would be shaken off the earth into the air and it would begin to move and fly in the air. And by the end of this shaking this bug will be in the air around the world. Behind it would be a trail of dirt and eventually the whole sky of the entire earth would become dirty from these trails of dirt, and this would cause many diseases that would get more and more complicated. So the bug moving on the land, of course it?s easy to see now. In 1908 the Model-T Ford was mass-produced for the first time. So the elders knew the First Shaking of the Earth was about to come about -- that was the First World War.
In the First World War the airplane came into wide usage for the first time. That was that bug moving into the sky. And so they knew something very important would happen. There would be an attempt to make peace on earth on the west coast of this land, and so the elders began to watch for this. They began to hear that there was going to be a League of Nations in San Francisco, so the elders gathered in Arizona around 1920 or so, and they wrote a letter to Woodrow Wilson. They asked if the Indian people could be included in the League of Nations.
The United States Supreme Court had held that a reservation is a separate and semi-sovereign nation, not a part of the United States but protected by it. This became a concern because people didn?t want the reservations to become more and more separate. They didn?t want them to be considered nations. So they did not write back, and the Native people were left out of the League of Nations so that circle was incomplete. In the League of Nations circle there was a southern door, the yellow people; there was a western door, the black people; there was a northern door, the white people; but the eastern door was not attended. The elders knew that peace would not come on the Earth until the circle of humanity is complete, until all the four colors sat in the circle and shared their teachings, then peace would come on earth.
So they knew things would happen. Things would speed up a little it. There would be a cobweb built around the earth, and people would talk across this cobweb. When this talking cobweb, the telephone, was built around the earth, a sign of life would appear in the east, but it would tilt and bring death (the swastika of the Nazis). It would come with the sun. But the sun itself would rise one day, not in the east but in the west (the rising sun of the Japanese Empire).
So the elders said, "When you see the sun rising in the east, and you see the sign of life reversed and tilted in the east, you will know that the Great Death is to come upon the earth. Now is when the Great Spirit will grab the earth again in His hand and shake it, and this shaking will be worse than the first."
So the sign of life reversed and tilted, we call that the Swastika, and the rising sun in the east was the Rising Sun of Japan. These two symbols are carved in stone in Arizona. When the elders saw these two flags, they knew that these were the signs that the earth was to be shaken again.
The worse misuse of the Guardianship of the fire is called the gourd of ashes. They said the gourd of ashes will fall from the air. It will make the people like blades of grass in the prairie fire, and things will not grow for many seasons. The atomic bomb, the gourd of ashes, it was the best-kept secret in the history of the US. The elders wanted to speak about it in 1920.
They would have spoken of it and foretold its coming if they could have entered into the League of Nations. The elders tried to contact President Roosevelt to ask him not to use the gourd of ashes because it would have a great effect on the earth and eventually cause even greater destruction and a the Third Shaking of the Earth, the Third World War.
So they knew after the Second Shaking of the Earth when they saw the gourd of ashes fall from the sky, there would be an attempt to make peace on the other side of this land. And because the peace attempt on the west coast had failed, they would build a special house on the east coast of this Turtle Island, and all the nations and peoples of the Earth would come to this house, and it would be called the House of Mica, and it would shine like the mica on the desert shines.
So the elders began to see they were building the United Nations made out of glass that reflects like the mica on the desert so they knew this was the House of Mica, and all the peoples of the earth should go to it. So they met and talked about this. They said that in the 1920's they had written and they had not been responded to, so they said this time we?d better go to the front door of the House of Mica because things might get a lot worse.
So elders representing a number of tribes drove to New York City. When the United Nations opened, they went to the front door of the house of Mica and they said these words, "We represent the indigenous people of North America, and we wish to address the nations of the Earth. We're going to give you four days to consider whether or not we will be allowed to speak."
They retreated to one of the Six Nations Reserves in New York State. Four days later they came back, and I believe the nations of the earth heard that the Indians had come to the door. And they voted to let the Indians in. They wanted to hear what they had to say. But the United States is one of five nations of the United Nations with a veto power, and still they were concerned because this time the Native sovereignty was even stronger. And I believe they vetoed the entrance of the Native people.
So then they knew other things would happen on the Earth. So they retreated to the Six Nations Reserve, and they talked about this, and they said the time is really getting close now -- 1949. They said, "We're going to divide the United States into four sections, and each year we?re going to have a gathering. We?re going to call these the White Roots of Peace Gatherings."
They began to have these around 1950. And they authorized certain people to speak in English for the first time about these prophecies.
One that I used to listen to many times, over and over, was Thomas Banyaca. He was authorized to speak in English about what was on the stone tablets, and he has dedicated his life to doing this. And they began to tell us at these gatherings, "You're going to see a time in your lifetime when the human beings are going to find the blueprint that makes us."
They call that now DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid. They said, "They're going to cut this blueprint."
They call that now genetic splicing. And they said they're going to make new animals upon the Earth, and they're going to think these are going to help us. And it's going to seem like they do help us. But maybe the grandchildren and great-grandchildren are going to suffer.
The elders said long ago, "They will release these things, and they will use them." This is going to be released not too long from now. They are making new animals. The elders talked about this. "You will see new animals, and even the old animals will come back, animals that people thought had disappeared. They will find them here and there. They?ll begin to reappear."
"You're going to see a time when the eagle will fly its highest in the night, and it will land upon the moon. And at that time, many of the Native people will be sleeping, which symbolically means they have lost their teachings. We're at that time now. The Eagle has landed on the moon, 1969. When that spaceship landed, they sent back the message, "The Eagle has landed."
Traditionally, Native people from clear up in the Inuit region have shared with us this prophecy, clear down to the Quechuas in South America.
At this time you're going to see that things will speed up, that people on the Earth will move faster and faster. Grandchildren will not have time for grandparents. Parents will not have time for children. It will seem like time is going faster and faster. The elders advised us that, as things speed up, you yourself should slow down. The faster things go, the slower you go. Because there"s going to come a time when the Earth is going to be shaken a third time. The Great Spirit has shaken the Earth two times: the First and Second World Wars to remind us that we are a human family, to remind us that we should have greeted each other as brothers and sisters. We had a chance after each shaking to come together in a circle that would have brought peace on earth, but we missed that.
RavenBlueWolf Osda GolanvSagonigeiWaya
the ancient Tsalagi (Cherokee) legend of the atsina tlugv (cedar tree)? The story says that people, wanting to get the most out of life, asked the Creator to make it day all the time. In love the Creator granted their request. People worked endlessly in their gardens and it turned hot, very hot. They found it difficult to sleep and they became angry and fought amongst one another. When they realized their mistake they cried out to the Creator to make it night all the time. Again, with love and generosity the Creator granted their request, even though there were doubts about it. It turned cold, the crops stopped growing and many of the people became sick and died. Again, the people cried out and asked that the Creator make it day and night as before. Everything returned to normal, as the Creator had intended in the beginning, and the people treasured every day and rested every night, knowing the wisdom of creation and the law of twos. The Creator was sad that so many had died and so he took their spirits and placed them in a tree, the atsina tlugv. Many Tsalagi, to this day, know that when they look on that tree they are looking on their ancestors.
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Re: Is this insulting because it is my taditional culture? should I deny my cultural roots?
Tue, June 30, 2009 - 6:21 PMa Christian view or the same thing..or at least western view..poets and artist and writers are also prophits I think.:
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)
THE SECOND COMING
Turning and turning in the widening gyre
The falcon cannot hear the falconer;
Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;
Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world,
The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere
The ceremony of innocence is drowned;
The best lack all conviction, while the worst
Are full of passionate intensity.
Surely some revelation is at hand;
Surely the Second Coming is at hand.
The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out
When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi
Troubles my sight: a waste of desert sand;
A shape with lion body and the head of a man,
A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun,
Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it
Wind shadows of the indignant desert birds.
The darkness drops again but now I know
That twenty centuries of stony sleep
Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle,
And what rough beast, its hour come round at last,
Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?
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